Library: Library DIY: Types of sources

Common source types

Scholarly article, aka academic article, aka peer-reviewed article

written by experts in the field, include references and have an academic style.
Examples: Pediatric Physical Therapy, Journal of Teaching and Learning

Popular article, aka magazine, aka periodical

written for a general audience.
Examples: People, Sports Illustrated

Trade journal, aka professional journal

written by experts in the field, mainly intended for other practicing experts. Not academic and usually focus on practice and conferences, etc.
Example: Diesel Tech Magazine
Primary source

created at a specific time or the time of an event
Examples: A photo of a Civil War camp, a letter home from a soldier, a newspaper article

Secondary source

analyzes primary sources. Written after an event.
Example: A book about the Sherman's March to the Sea

What type of sources do I need?

There are two major things to consider when deciding on the type of source(s) to use:

Did you instructor tell you what type of source to use, for example scholarly articles only?

What type of evidence do you need to answer your research question or make your argument?

If you need....	Try using
Expert advice	Scholarly articles, books
Public or independent opinion on an issue	Newspapers (editorials), magazines, websites
Basic facts about an event	Encyclopedias, newspapers, books
Eye-witness accounts	Newspapers, websites, primary sources
Information about a very recent topic	Newspapers, websites
Local information	Local newspapers
Information for professionals working in a field	Trade journals

Information cycle

Image from the University of Binghamton library

Publication cycle graphic
Opens in a new window